✿
Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes
프란시스코 호세 드 고야 이 루시엔테스
( Spanish l 1746-1828 l aged 82 )
Movement: Romanticism
<Autumn / The Grape Harvest. 1786-1787>
Original Title: Otoño, o La cosecha de uva
oil on canvas, 190 x 275 cm
Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain
<The Parasol/El Quitasol. 1777>
Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain
● 个人履历 / 生涯
(Fuendetodos, Aragón, Spain)
父亲是一个贫苦的祭坛镀金工匠，
母亲出生破落贵族。[gōngjiàng] 공예가 , 장인
[pòluò] 몰락한
1760年.戈雅随父母迁居 ▷萨拉戈萨(Zaragoza).
萨拉戈萨是一个民风强悍、
富有斗争传统的城市。
这里的风土人情、民间习俗曾给戈雅
以极大的影响，形成了他坚强不屈的气质.
[qiānjū] 이사 ,이주
[qiánghàn]강하고 용맹스럽다
[jiānqiángbùqū] 의지가 강해 굽힐 줄 모르다
At school he formed a close and lifelong
friendship with fellow pupil Martin Zapater;
the 131 letters Goya wrote to him from 1775
until Zapater's death in 1801 give valuable insight
into Goya's early years at the court in Madrid.
1763年 戈雅前往马德里投靠同乡
宫廷画师弗朗西斯哥·巴耶乌，两次投考
圣费南多皇家美术学院，都没有被录取。
(另一说为没有拿到奖学金而作罢)
宫廷画师弗朗西斯哥·巴耶乌，两次投考
圣费南多皇家美术学院，都没有被录取。
(另一说为没有拿到奖学金而作罢)
[Mǎdélǐ] 마드리드
[tóukào] 남에게 의지하다
[gōngtíng huàshī] 궁정화가
[bèilùqǔ] 입학하다
Goya submitted entries for the Real
Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
in 1763 and 1766, but was denied entrance.
1769年 前往意大利旅行，参加了
帕尔玛美术学院的绘画竞赛，得了二等奖。
阿乌尔·德伊僧院画了若干幅宗教画。
[Bǐlā'ěr shèngmǔ jiàotáng]
[jiāotuán] 교단
[zōngjiàohuà]종교화
1773年 再次回马德里并结婚定居，妻子是
好友画家 *弗朗西斯科·巴依也乌
的 妹妹霍塞法。
Goya befriended *Francisco Bayeu, and married
Bayeu's sister Josefa (he nicknamed her "Pepa")
on 25 July 1773 and they had their first child,
Antonio Juan Ramon Carlos, on 29 August 1774.
1776年 通过巴依也乌的介绍，
戈雅从*安东·拉斐尔·门斯那里接受了
为皇家*圣巴巴拉 织造厂绘制
第一批葛布兰花毯图样的任务。
*Santa Barbara
[Zhīzàochǎng] 직조공장
[huìzhì] (설계도) 제도,제작하다
Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
in 1763 and 1766, but was denied entrance.
1769年 前往意大利旅行，参加了
帕尔玛美术学院的绘画竞赛，得了二等奖。
1770年 戈雅在德里·*比拉尔圣母教堂
和萨拉戈萨附近的卡尔特吉教团的阿乌尔·德伊僧院画了若干幅宗教画。
[Yìdàlì] 이탈리아
[jìngsài] 시합,대회
*Basilica de Nuestra Señora del Pilar[Bǐlā'ěr shèngmǔ jiàotáng]
[jiāotuán] 교단
[zōngjiàohuà]종교화
1773年 再次回马德里并结婚定居，妻子是
好友画家 *弗朗西斯科·巴依也乌
的 妹妹霍塞法。
[jiéhūn] 결혼 , [qīzi] 아내
[hǎoyǒu huàjiā] 동료화가Goya befriended *Francisco Bayeu, and married
Bayeu's sister Josefa (he nicknamed her "Pepa")
on 25 July 1773 and they had their first child,
Antonio Juan Ramon Carlos, on 29 August 1774.
1776年 通过巴依也乌的介绍，
戈雅从*安东·拉斐尔·门斯那里接受了
为皇家*圣巴巴拉 织造厂绘制
第一批葛布兰花毯图样的任务。
*Anton Raphael Mengs
[huángjiā] 황실,imperial family*Santa Barbara
[Zhīzàochǎng] 직조공장
[huìzhì] (설계도) 제도,제작하다
1779年 受到*国王查理[chálǐ]三世的 接见。
Charles III /국왕 카를로스 3세
1780年 被选入 *圣费南多皇家美术学院。
[bèi xuǎn rù] (대회)입선하다,선출되다
* San Fernando In 1783, the Count of Floridablanca,
favorite of ▷Charles III of Spain,
commissioned Goya to paint his portrait.
He became friends with Crown Prince ▷Don Luis,
spending two summers painting portraits
of both the Infante and ▷his family.
During the 1780s, his circle of patrons grew
to include the ▷Duke and Duchess of Osuna,
the king and other notable people
of the kingdom whom he painted.
In 1786, Goya was given a salaried
position as painter to Charles III.
1784年 由于一幅描绘圣虽尔纳金·西恩斯
在阿里方司·阿拉贡面前布教的油画，
第一次博得官方好评。
1785年戈雅在官方已经有了一定的地位，
在圣费南多皇家美术学院任副院长。
[guānfāng] 국가,정부, 공식적
[dìwèi] 지위, 위치
1876年 任皇家织造工厂的美术领班。
1786年 获宫廷画家的称号。
1792年 戈雅身染重病，丧失了听力。
[lǐngbān] 인솔,거느리다
[gōngtínghuàjiā] 궁정 화가.
[rǎn zhòngbìng]심각한 병에 걸리다
[sàngshīle tīnglì] 청력을 잃다
1803年 查理四世国王接受了戈雅的献礼
[gōngtínghuàjiā] 궁정 화가.
[rǎn zhòngbìng]심각한 병에 걸리다
[sàngshīle tīnglì] 청력을 잃다
1803年 查理四世国王接受了戈雅的献礼
《狂想曲》。并给他的独生子 发了养老金，
并使戈雅可以保护自己免受 宗教裁判的迫害。
[xiànlǐ] 선사하다.
[kuángxiǎngqǔ] 광상곡.
[dúshēngzǐ] 외아들
[yǎnglǎojīn]연금
[miǎnshòu] 면하게 해주다
[zōngjiàocáipàn] 종교 재판
[pòhài] 박해, 학대하다
1808年 西班牙被拿破仑军队占领，他创作了
[kuángxiǎngqǔ] 광상곡.
[dúshēngzǐ] 외아들
[yǎnglǎojīn]연금
[miǎnshòu] 면하게 해주다
[zōngjiàocáipàn] 종교 재판
[pòhài] 박해, 학대하다
1808年 西班牙被拿破仑军队占领，他创作了
一批富于激情和 逼真 表现力的悲剧性作品。
1824年 戈雅在波尔多市西班牙
自由侨民法国中心度过最后四年。
1828年4月16日 病故，享年82岁。
[nápòlún] 나폴레옹.
[jīqíng]격정. 열정적인 감정 [bīzhēn] 뚜렷,선명, 진짜같다
[biǎoxiànlì] 표현력.
[bēijùxìng] 비극성.비련의
[qiáomín] 교민.
[bìnggù] 병사하다.
[xiǎngnián] 향년
-----
✿
<Goya: The Portraits 展>
This event was held at the ▷National Gallery
from 7 October 2015 to 10 January 2016
고야가 남긴 160여점의 초상화는 전세계
유수의 미술관과 개인컬렉션으로 흩어져있는데
이번 전시는 주요 초상작품들을 한자리에
모은 최초의 기념비적인 전시였어요.
(Goya's portraiture, consisting of
70 paintings on loan from across the world.)
Image : Detail from <The Duchess of Alba, 1797>
©The Hispanic Society of America, New York.
©The Hispanic Society of America, New York.
도록에 수록된 주요 작품들은
다음편에서 자세히 소개할께요 :)
▷News First (video)
▷Jeremy Paxman on Goya (video)
<The Marchioness of Santa Cruz, 1805>
Oil on unlined canvas, 124.7 x 207.7 cm.
Francisco Goya was the greatest Spanish
painter of the 18th and early 19th century,
a man whose extraordinary works depicted
everything from royalty – he was court
painter – to major historical events,
to the artist's personal nightmares.
His technique influenced generations of
artists, among them Manet and Picasso.
painter of the 18th and early 19th century,
a man whose extraordinary works depicted
everything from royalty – he was court
painter – to major historical events,
to the artist's personal nightmares.
His technique influenced generations of
artists, among them Manet and Picasso.
slightly scary ability (인기비결이였어요:)
to make people look highly intelligent.
Goya is often seen as an artist for the boys,
with his war, gore and plentiful portraits of
his intellectual cronies - some of
the best of which are included here.
But there are also two exquisitely sensitive
portraits of young women, both radiating
a melancholy sensuality that feels very Spanish.
This is the great revolutionary painter,
the precursor of Expressionism, aged 74,
by now stonedeaf(청력을 상실한) and
by repute half mad(반 미치광이의)
but sharp enough to watch his own demise
with the same unpitying, but all too-human
gaze with which he observed the
great events and personalities of his time.
This is genuinely one of the shows of
the decade, revealing an artist whose
unflinching portrayals of humanity
still feel risky 200 years on.
▷The Telegraph
<Francisca Sabasa Y Garcia 1804-1808>
= Sabasa Francisca y García
oil on canvas, 58 x 71 cm
National Gallery of Art
Andrew W. Mellon Collection, 1937.1.88
< Victor Guye, 1810 >
oil on canvas,
National Gallery of Art
Gift of William Nelson Cromwell, 1956.11.1
<Marquesa Mariana De Pontejos 1786>
= Mariana Marquesa de Pontejos
oil on canvas, 126 x 212 cm
National Gallery of Art
Andrew W. Mellon Collection, 1937.1.85-----
zoom
<Portrait of Don Ramón Satué, 1823>
oil on canvas, h 107cm × w 83.5cm.
Rijksmuseum 레이크스 국립 미술관
(The Museum of the Netherlands , Amsterdam)
Credit line:Purchased with the support of the
Vereniging Rembrandt / Acquisition 1922
Goya owes his fame to his portraits of the
Spanish court and to his idiosyncratic prints.
He had already turned 76 when he painted
this powerful portrait. Satué was a judge
in the highest tribunal(재판소,법원)
of Castile(카스티야, 스페인).
The casual pose and open collar have
an informality that Goya usually reserved
for portraits of his most intimate friends.
-----
● Related Auction Results
<PORTRAIT OF MARIANO GOYA,
THE ARTIST'S GRANDSON>
inscribed by the artist on the reverse:
Goya á su/ nieto en 1827/ á/ los 81 de su/
edad [Goya, to his grandson, at 81 years old]
oil on canvas, 52 by 41.2 cm.
▷Sotheby`s NewYork 2013
Est. 6,000,000- 8,000,000 USD
The Hague, ▷Mauritshuis
(헤이그, 마우리츠후이스 미술관)
Paris, ▷Orangerie des Tuileries Goya
(14 July - 7 December 1970)
<EQUESTRIAN PORTRAIT OF DON MANUEL GODOY,
DUKE OF ALCUDIA>
oil on canvas, 55.2 by 44.5 cm.
▷Sotheby`s LONDON 2009
Est. 2,500,000-3,500,000 GBP
Lot Sold. 2,617,250 GBP
Possibly identifiable with a painting listed
in the October 1812 inventory of paintings
in Goya's house in the Calle de Valverde, Madrid,
bequeathed to his son Javier Goya(1784 - 1854).
oil on canvas, 45 x 63 cm.
▷Christie`s NY 2003
Est. 2,000,000-3,000,000USD
Price Realised 5,069,500 USD
After the death of Goya's wife, Josefa Bayeu,
on 26 June 1812, an inventory of the paintings
in the couple's possession was drawn up .
The document included twelve still lifes
by the artist, all of which probably
dated from the period 1808-1812.
The present painting was one of twelve.
Two others, described in an 1865 inventory
as depicting dead game with partridges
and fruit and fish, remain untraced.
-----
oil on canvas, 154 x 255 cm
Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain
Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain
To Be Continued-
♥
^^*
